Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas, OP  Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, 'Thomas of Aquino'; 1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican friar and priest, who was an immensely influential philosopher, theologian, and jurist in the tradition of scholasticism; he is known within the scholastic tradition as the Doctor Angelicus, the Doctor Communis, and the Doctor Universalis. The name Aquinas identifies his ancestral origins in the county of Aquino in present-day Lazio, Italy. Among other things, he was a prominent proponent of natural theology and the father of a school of thought (encompassing both theology and philosophy) known as Thomism. He argued that God is the source of both the light of natural reason and the light of faith. He has been described as "the most influential thinker of the medieval period" and "the greatest of the medieval philosopher-theologians."His influence on Western thought is considerable, and much of modern philosophy is derived from his ideas, particularly in the areas of ethics, natural law, metaphysics, and political theory.

Unlike many currents in the Catholic Church of the time, Thomas embraced several ideas put forward by Aristotle; whom he called "the Philosopher"; and attempted to synthesize Aristotelian philosophy with the principles of Christianity.

His best-known works are the Disputed Questions on Truth (1256–1259), the Summa contra Gentiles (1259–1265), and the unfinished but massively influential Summa Theologica, or Summa Theologiae (1265–1274). His commentaries on Scripture and Aristotle also form an important part of his body of work. Furthermore, Thomas is distinguished for his eucharistic hymns, which form a part of the church's liturgy. The Catholic Church honours Thomas Aquinas as a saint and regards him as the model teacher for those studying for the priesthood, and indeed the highest expression of both natural reason and speculative theology. In modern times, under papal directives, the study of his works was long used as a core of the required program of study for those seeking ordination as priests or deacons, as well as for those in religious formation and other students of the sacred disciplines (philosophy, Catholic theology, church history, liturgy, and canon law).

As a Doctor of the Church, Thomas Aquinas is considered one of the Catholic Church's greatest theologians and philosophers. Pope Benedict XV declared: "This (Dominican) Order ... acquired new lustre when the Church declared the teaching of Thomas to be her own and that Doctor, honoured with the special praises of the Pontiffs, the master and patron of Catholic schools.


Books:


Thomas d'Aquin

Thomas d'Aquin, né en 1225 ou 1226 au château de Roccasecca près d'Aquino, dans la partie péninsulaire du Royaume de Sicile (Latium), mort le 7 mars 1274 à l'abbaye de Fossanova près de Priverno (dans le Latium également), est un religieux de l'ordre dominicain, célèbre pour son œuvre théologique et philosophique.

Considéré comme l'un des principaux maîtres de la philosophie scolastique et de la théologie catholique, il a été canonisé le 18 juillet 1323 par Jean XXII, puis proclamé docteur de l'Église par Pie V, en 1567 et patron des universités, écoles et académies catholiques, par Léon XIII en 1880. Il est également un des patrons des libraires. Il est aussi qualifié du titre de « Docteur angélique » (Doctor angelicus). Son corps est conservé sous le maître-autel de l'église de l'ancien couvent des dominicains de Toulouse.

De son nom dérivent les termes :

En 1879, le pape Léon XIII, dans l'encyclique Æterni Patris, a déclaré que les écrits de Thomas d'Aquin exprimaient adéquatement la doctrine de l'Église. Le concile Vatican II (décret Optatam Totius sur la formation des prêtres, no 16) propose l'interprétation authentique de l'enseignement des papes sur le thomisme en demandant que la formation théologique des prêtres se fasse « avec Thomas d'Aquin pour maître ».

Thomas d'Aquin a proposé, au xiiie siècle, une œuvre théologique qui repose, par certains aspects, sur un essai de synthèse de la raison et de la foi, notamment lorsqu'il tente de concilier la pensée chrétienne et la philosophie d'Aristote, redécouverte par les scolastiques à la suite des traductions latines du xiie siècle.

Il distingue les vérités accessibles à la seule raison, de celles de la foi, définies comme une adhésion inconditionnelle à la Parole de Dieu. Il qualifie la philosophie de servante de la théologie (philosophia ancilla theologiæ) afin d'exprimer comment les deux disciplines collaborent de manière « subalternée » à la recherche de la connaissance de la vérité, chemin vers la béatitude.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas


Aquinas 101 is a project of the Thomistic Institute that seeks to promote understanding of the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas, the eminent 13th-century philosopher and theologian. Aquinas is a masterful interpreter of reality. His writings assist us in answering perennial questions on topics like God, man, the natural world, law, and morality, and questions of special relevance to our time like the relationship between modern science and faith or pursuing happiness in the digital era.  

Consciousness


REM: The Soul-Consciousness is the relationship between the activities of a human mind and the multitude of physiological activities occurring in its associated brain and body functioning, exploring transpersonal, religious, mystical, psychic, and psi-type experiences and behaviours.